Guía hipotecaria de Estados Unidos: compra y refinanciamiento en 2026
Updated October 2026
Programas de préstamos
| Programa | Qué comparar |
|---|---|
| Convencional | Entrada, crédito, PMI y costos totales. |
| FHA | Entrada mínima de 3.5% con crédito de 580 o más; de 500 a 579, 10%. El prestamista puede imponer requisitos adicionales. |
| VA | Servicio militar elegible, derecho disponible y comisión de financiación. |
| USDA | Elegibilidad de ingresos y dirección; confirme ambos requisitos. |
Glosario bilingüe
- Down payment / Entrada
- Dinero aportado al precio de compra.
- Closing costs / Costos de cierre
- Comisiones, prepagos y depósitos de reserva.
- Loan Estimate / Estimación del préstamo
- Documento para comparar tasa, APR, puntos y costos.
- Refinance / Refinanciamiento
- Nuevo préstamo que reemplaza el existente. Compare el plazo restante y el punto de equilibrio.
Antes de solicitar
Confirme impuestos y seguro por dirección. Compare ofertas escritas con el mismo monto y plazo. No envíe documentos privados a un contacto editorial. Pregunte al proveedor si ofrece atención en español.
Calculadora de pagos · English mortgage guide
Editorial Methodology & Primary Sources
Verification date: Not recorded; check the primary source and lender timestamp before relying on an estimate.
Rate comparisons use participating lender feeds, not a whole-market survey or guaranteed offers. Freddie Mac PMMS is a market benchmark, not a personalized quote. Calculator models rely on published regulatory formulas and disclosed assumptions rather than fabricated first-person loan testing.
Monthly principal and interest use the amortization formula P × r / (1 − (1 + r)−n), where r is the monthly note rate and n is the number of payments; at zero interest use P / n. PITI adds monthly property taxes and homeowners insurance; PMI is separate. APR includes applicable finance charges under Regulation Z and is not the note rate used for payments. Compare lender Loan Estimates for actual APR and fees.
- Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) — Loan Estimates, APR and borrower disclosures; Regulation Z.
- U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD / FHA) — FHA program guidance.
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) — VA loan eligibility and benefits.
- Freddie Mac Primary Mortgage Market Survey (PMMS) — published rate benchmarks.
- U.S. Census state tax collections — state property tax benchmarks; confirm parcel-specific assessments and exemptions with the state revenue department and local assessor.
The payment snapshot uses illustrative annual taxes of 1% of home price, $1,200 insurance and 0.5% PMI below 20% down, not verified local quotes. Other calculators disclose their inputs and assumptions. Published guidance and lender feeds may change independently; confirm current program rules, taxes and offers before a decision.